Non GamStop betting sites: where the odds actually favour you

Verified Value: What the Smart Money Gets in 2026

The most rewarding non gamstop betting sites for UK players in 2026 are those that return the highest proportion of every pound deposited back to the player through low-friction mechanics, not headline bonus figures. The table above lists the current windows for minimum deposits, withdrawal floors, and pending periods across Spinpin, Winplace, CrownJewels, Bravoplay, Fortunica, Betninja, Bet365, William Hill, Ladbrokes, and Coral. What separates the genuinely economical operators from the rest is not the size of the welcome offer but the cumulative cost of playing: how much of your stake evaporates in fees, waiting time, and suboptimal maths before you ever reach for the cash-out button. This page works through the arithmetic session by session, operator by operator, so you can see where the money goes and where it stays.

The UK gambling landscape in 2026 continues to tighten under UKGC pressure, which is precisely why many experienced players now maintain accounts with both regulated and non-regulated operators. The regulated side—Bet365, William Hill, Ladbrokes, Coral—offers the safety net of UKGC dispute resolution and mandatory self-exclusion tools. The non-regulated side—Spinpin, Winplace, CrownJewels, Bravoplay, Fortunica, Betninja—offers flexibility in stakes, bonuses, and payment methods that can materially improve the return on a typical evening's play. The trick is knowing which structural features actually translate to pounds kept rather than pounds spent chasing promotions that never pay out.

How Loyalty and Cashback Work as Real Percentages

Most loyalty programmes disguise their true value behind tier names and point systems that obscure the actual cash return. At non gamstop betting sites, the honest operators have begun stating cashback as a flat percentage of net losses, typically ranging from 5% to 15% depending on weekly or monthly volume. This is fundamentally different from the tiered systems at mainstream UKGC casinos where you might need to wager £10,000 to reach a tier that returns 0.5% more than the base level.

Consider the practical difference. A player losing £200 in a week at an operator offering 10% weekly cashback receives £20 back, no questions about points, levels, or redemption windows. The same player at a tiered programme might have accumulated 2,000 "points" worth £2 in bonus credit with a 35x wagering requirement attached. The effective value of the second offer is pennies, while the first is twenty pounds in withdrawable cash or usable balance.

Spinpin and Winplace both advertise straightforward loss-back schemes in this mould. CrownJewels structures its programme around daily rather than weekly cycles, which suits players who prefer shorter sessions with defined stop-losses. Bravoplay and Fortunica have moved toward hybrid models where a base cashback percentage increases slightly for crypto deposits, reflecting their lower processing costs. Betninja, being newer to this space, has kept its programme deliberately simple: a flat 8% on all net losses, credited every Monday morning without wagering requirements.

The regulated operators—Bet365, William Hill, Ladbrokes, Coral—operate comp-point systems that convert at rates between £0.01 and £0.03 per £10 wagered. At 0.1% to 0.3% effective return, these are not competitive with the non-regulated offers, though they do carry the advantage of guaranteed payment and transparent terms enforced by the UKGC. For high-volume players, the difference compounds dramatically: £50,000 in annual turnover yields perhaps £150 in comp value at a regulated site versus £2,500 to £5,000 in straightforward cashback at the most generous non-regulated operators.

The critical question for any cashback offer is whether it applies to gross or net losses. Gross loss cashback is rare and valuable: it returns a percentage of total stakes regardless of wins. Net loss cashback is standard and still worthwhile, but requires you to finish the period in the red. Some operators further qualify "net losses" by excluding certain game types or capping the maximum return per period. The table above indicates where these caps sit; they typically range from £500 to £2,000 per week, which matters only to the highest-stakes players.

Break-Even Arithmetic for a Typical Session

To understand which non gamstop betting sites genuinely favour the player, we need to model a standard session with real numbers. Assume a £100 deposit, played through on slots with 96% RTP, for two hours at moderate pace—roughly 600 spins at £0.50 per spin, total wagering £300. The theoretical loss from RTP alone is £12 (4% of £300). This is your baseline cost of entertainment before any operator-specific mechanics enter the equation.

Now layer in the structural factors. A typical non-regulated operator charges no deposit fee for crypto or e-wallet funding but may apply 2.5% for card deposits. On £100, that's £2.50 before you spin once. Withdrawal fees vary from zero to £10 per transaction, with minimum withdrawals often set at £20 or £50. If you finish with £85 and face a £5 withdrawal fee plus a £50 minimum, you either leave money dormant or deposit more to reach a meaningful cash-out threshold.

The break-even point shifts significantly with bonus mechanics. A 100% match with 30x wagering on bonus only means your £100 becomes £200 in balance, but you must wager £3,000 before withdrawal. At 96% RTP, that £3,000 in turnover expects to return £2,880, leaving your £100 bonus as £20 expected value—minus any game restrictions, maximum bet limits during wagering, or excluded RTP contributions. The same bonus with 40x wagering on deposit plus bonus (£200 × 40 = £8,000 turnover) turns sharply negative: expected return £7,680, expected loss £320, meaning your original £100 is now worth roughly £80 in expectation before fees.

At the most player-favourable non gamstop betting sites, you find lower wagering multiples (20x to 25x), higher maximum bet allowances during clearance (£5 rather than £2), and slots counting 100% rather than 50% or 75% toward requirements. These differences compound. A 20x bonus-only requirement on the same £100 match produces £2,000 turnover, £1,920 expected return, £80 bonus retained—four times the expected value of the 40x deposit-plus-bonus model. The operators in the table above cluster toward the more generous end of this spectrum, which is precisely why they feature in this comparison.

For table game players, the arithmetic worsens because RTP is typically lower and contribution to wagering requirements is reduced. Blackjack at 99.5% RTP with 10% contribution means each £1 wagered clears £0.10 of requirement while losing only £0.005 in expectation—mathematically excellent for bonus clearance, but most operators now restrict or exclude blackjack from welcome wagering entirely. The non-regulated operators generally maintain more permissive rules here, though exact terms shift quarterly.

The Cheapest Way In and the Cheapest Way Out

Deposit and withdrawal economics determine a surprising portion of your actual returns. The cheapest entry point at most non gamstop betting sites is cryptocurrency, particularly Tether or Bitcoin, where blockchain fees replace percentage charges. A Tether deposit on Tron network costs pennies; the same amount via card incurs 2% to 3% in processing fees plus potential foreign exchange spreads if the operator denominates in euros or dollars. For regular players, this difference alone justifies setting up a crypto wallet.

E-wallets—Skrill, Neteller, ecoPayz—occupy a middle tier. Deposit fees are typically zero, but withdrawal fees range from 1% to 3%, and currency conversion within the wallet adds hidden friction. PayPal, where accepted, reverses this pattern: deposits may carry a small surcharge, but withdrawals are often free and fast. The phrase non gamstop casinos UK PayPal describes a narrow but valuable intersection of operators that have retained this payment relationship despite regulatory pressure.

Traditional banking—debit cards, bank transfers—remains the most expensive route at non-regulated sites. Card deposits face percentage fees, weekend delays, and occasional rejection by issuing banks suspicious of gambling transactions. Bank transfers work for larger amounts but carry fixed fees (£10 to £25) and multi-day clearing periods that tie up capital. The pay-by-phone option, referenced by non gamstop casinos UK pay by phone, caps daily deposits at modest levels—typically £30 to £40—and adds a service charge, making it suitable for disciplined small-stakes players but prohibitive for anyone serious about value.

The exit side matters equally. Crypto withdrawals process in minutes to hours with network fees under £1. E-wallet withdrawals settle in 0-24 hours with fees of 1% to 2%. Card withdrawals take 2-5 business days with potential £10 to £15 processing charges. Bank transfers extend to 3-7 days with £15 to £30 fees. The operators in our comparison table cluster toward the faster, cheaper methods, but exact schedules vary by verification status and withdrawal size. Response times and escalation routes are measured in the non gamstop casinos UK PayPal guide.

Credit card casinos as a category deserve specific mention because UKGC regulations now prohibit credit card deposits at regulated sites. Non-regulated operators continue to accept them, but the economics are punishing: cash advance fees from issuers (typically 3% plus interest from day one), operator surcharges of 2% to 4%, and frequent rejection rates. The effective cost of a £100 credit card deposit can reach £110 before any play begins. For players without alternative funding sources, this is a genuine barrier to value; for those with options, it is a route to avoid entirely.

What a Fixed Deposit Buys at Each Operator

To make the comparison concrete, we model what £100 deposited today purchases in playable value across our ten operators. This is not a promise of outcome—gambling outcomes vary—but a measure of structural generosity: how much turnover, how much bonus credit, how much protection against early loss does the operator's rule set provide?

At Spinpin, £100 via crypto yields £100 in balance with a 25% first-deposit match, producing £125 total. Wagering requirement is 25x the bonus only (£625), with slots at 100% contribution and a £5 maximum bet during clearance. Expected value of the bonus, at 96% RTP, is approximately £25 minus theoretical loss on £625 turnover (£25), suggesting the bonus is roughly break-even in expectation, with upside from variance and any cashback earned on losses during the wagering period. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in the non gamstop bingo sites guide.

Winplace offers a flatter structure: £100 deposits receive no match but unlock a 10% weekly cashback retroactive to the first week. For a player expecting to deposit weekly, this produces superior long-term value despite the weaker upfront offer. The absence of wagering requirements on cashback means every pound returned is immediately playable or withdrawable.

CrownJewels structures around daily missions: deposit £100, complete £500 in slots turnover within 24 hours, receive £15 in bonus credit with 20x wagering. The time pressure reduces expected value for casual players but rewards disciplined session planning. The effective bonus is 15% with a modest 20x requirement, superior to many headline offers that disguise harsher terms. Recently launched sites are assessed separately in the new online casinos not on gamstop page.

Bravoplay and Fortunica both operate tiered welcome packages across three deposits. The first £100 matches at 100% (30x bonus wagering), the second at 75% (25x), the third at 50% (20x). Combined maximum bonus reaches several hundred pounds for players committing that capital. The declining wagering multiples reward continued play, a structure that suits players with established bankroll management.

Betninja, as the newest entrant, competes on simplicity: 100% match to £100, 20x wagering on bonus only, no game restrictions beyond live dealer exclusion. This is among the most straightforward offers in the market and calculates favourably in our model.

The regulated operators—Bet365, William Hill, Ladbrokes, Coral—offer smaller matches (typically £30 to £50 in bonus for £100 deposit) with 40x to 50x wagering on deposit plus bonus. The expected value is negative in strict mathematical terms, but these sites compensate with superior game RTPs (often 0.5% to 1% higher on equivalent titles), guaranteed payout integrity, and promotional continuity that produces value over months rather than days. Whether a newer operator is worth the risk is covered in the new casinos not on gamstop page.

RTP, Fees, and Caps Combined into a Cost of Play

The true cost of an hour's play is not the stake but the expected loss plus friction. We combine these elements into a single metric: cost per £100 wagered, including RTP gap, deposit fee, withdrawal fee amortised across expected session count, and bonus expected value.

At a typical non-regulated site with 96% RTP slots, 0% crypto deposit fee, £2.50 average withdrawal fee (assuming one withdrawal per three sessions), and modest positive bonus expectation, the cost per £100 wagered runs £3.50 to £5.00. At a regulated site with 97% RTP, 0% deposit fee, 0% withdrawal fee, but negative bonus expectation and no cashback, the cost runs £2.50 to £4.00—potentially lower for pure slots players, though this advantage erodes for table game enthusiasts where RTP gaps narrow. What happens when something goes wrong is covered in the poker not on gamstop guide.

The non gamstop casinos UK no deposit bonus category introduces a special case: zero deposit risk, but typically harsh wagering requirements (50x to 99x) and strict win caps (£50 to £100 maximum conversion). The expected value is usually negative for all but the luckiest players, but the cost is capped at zero—making these offers rational for entertainment-seekers with no bankroll commitment, irrational for anyone expecting profit.

Free spins no deposit not on gamstop operate similarly. Twenty spins at £0.10 with 60x wagering on winnings and a £50 win cap produces an expected bonus value near zero, with high variance. The genuine value lies in trial: testing a site's interface, withdrawal speed, and support responsiveness before committing capital. For this purpose, even mathematically poor offers serve a function.

Live dealer games alter the calculation substantially. RTPs here cluster around 97% to 99.5% for blackjack, 98.5% for baccarat, 97.3% for European roulette—superior to most slots. However, contribution to wagering requirements is typically 5% to 10%, making bonus clearance impractical. The cost per hour rises because minimum bets are higher (£1 to £5 versus £0.10 slots), though the expected loss rate falls. A £500 bankroll might produce two hours of live blackjack or ten hours of slot play, with the blackjack session costing £5 to £15 in expectation and the slots session £20 to £40.

Where the Money Leaks: Fees, Minimums, and Dormant-Account Terms

The most insidious cost at non gamstop betting sites is not the visible fee but the structural trap. Dormant-account clauses, common in offshore terms, begin charging monthly fees—typically £5 to £10—after 12 to 18 months of inactivity. For players who deposit, play briefly, and forget the account, this erodes residual balances entirely within two years. The table above notes which operators apply these charges and after what period. The related figures are collected in non gamstop sportsbook.

Minimum withdrawal thresholds create similar leakage. A £50 minimum withdrawal with a £20 balance forces either continued play (increasing expected loss) or abandonment of capital. Operators with £10 or £20 minimums are materially more player-friendly. Spinpin and Betninja have adopted £20 floors; CrownJewels and Fortunica maintain £50; the regulated operators generally permit £5 to £10 withdrawals via established banking relationships.

Pending periods—the window between withdrawal request and processing—represent opportunity cost rather than direct fee. A 72-hour pending period during which the player can reverse the withdrawal is designed to encourage cancellation and continued play. Operators with 0-12 hour pending periods (noted in the table) return capital faster and reduce this temptation. Same-day processing, increasingly standard at crypto-friendly sites, effectively eliminates the leak. Offers that need no deposit at all are compared in the non UK casinos accepting UK players no deposit guide.

Currency conversion spreads hit players depositing in GBP to accounts denominated in EUR or USD. A 2% spread on deposit and withdrawal converts to 4% round-trip friction—larger than most explicit fees. Operators offering GBP-native accounts avoid this entirely. The new non gamstop casinos UK market in 2026 has increasingly standardised on GBP, EUR, and USD parity, but older accounts and some legacy platforms still impose this hidden cost.

Operator-by-Operator Value Profile

Spinpin positions for the crypto-native player who values speed and simplicity. Deposits in Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Tether clear in minutes; withdrawals process within two hours once verified. The loyalty programme returns 10% weekly cashback with no wagering, which compounds favourably for regular players. Game RTPs are published and verified by the operator's Curacao-licensed status, though not independently audited to UKGC standards. The value proposition is strongest for players comfortable with cryptocurrency mechanics and seeking rapid capital turnover.

Winplace emphasises low minimums and accessibility. The £10 minimum deposit and £20 minimum withdrawal suit small-bankroll players who want to test strategies without significant commitment. The absence of a welcome match is offset by consistent cashback and reload bonuses for existing players. Support responsiveness, per player reports, exceeds typical offshore standards. The value profile favours cautious, frequent small sessions over occasional large deposits. Catalogue depth is compared title by title in the slots not on gamstop guide.

CrownJewels targets the mission-oriented player with daily and weekly objectives that yield bonus credit. The structure rewards predictable play patterns: logging in, completing defined turnover targets, collecting rewards. For players who enjoy this gamification, the effective return is high; for those who prefer unstructured play, the same mechanics feel restrictive. The 96% average slot RTP is competitive but not exceptional.

Bravoplay and Fortunica operate as sister sites with shared backend infrastructure but differentiated front-end positioning. Bravoplay emphasises sports betting integration; Fortunica, pure casino play. Both offer the three-tier welcome package described earlier and maintain 24-48 hour withdrawal processing for crypto, 3-5 days for fiat. The value proposition is breadth: casino, live dealer, sportsbook, and emerging esports markets under one wallet. For players wanting variety without multiple accounts, this consolidation has genuine economic value in reduced verification overhead and unified loyalty tracking. This is picked up again in our no account casinos comparison.

Betninja, newest to this comparison, competes aggressively on welcome terms and withdrawal speed. The 20x wagering requirement is among the lowest in the market; crypto withdrawals process within four hours. Long-term value remains unproven—new operators face sustainability questions—but the opening offer is structurally superior to most established competitors. The absence of dormancy fees and low minimum thresholds suggest player-friendly intent, though these policies may evolve as the customer base matures.

Bet365, William Hill, Ladbrokes, and Coral represent the regulated baseline. Lower bonus generosity, higher game RTPs, guaranteed payouts, and UKGC dispute resolution define their value. For players prioritising security over optimisation, or those whose play volume makes the 0.5% to 1% RTP advantage material, these sites remain rational choices. The cost is flexibility: no crypto, strict self-exclusion, limited stakes, and promotional terms that have tightened progressively since 2020. A separate page, our roulette not on gamstop comparison, goes into this in detail.

When the Regulated Side Wins

There are specific circumstances where UKGC-licensed operators deliver superior net value despite weaker headline offers. High-volume slots players—£10,000-plus monthly turnover—benefit from compounding RTP advantages. A 0.5% RTP edge on £10,000 turnover equals £50 in reduced expected loss, potentially exceeding the bonus differential. Players with existing gambling concerns, or those who have self-excluded and subsequently recovered, gain protective value from mandatory UKGC tools that non-regulated sites cannot replicate.

The trusted non gamstop casinos UK category attempts to bridge this gap: operators with established track records, transparent ownership, and voluntary adoption of responsible gaming tools short of GamStop integration. These sites offer a middle path but require more due diligence from the player. Verification of licence authenticity, reading of terms rather than promotional summaries, and conservative initial deposits to test withdrawal integrity are essential practices.

Building a Sustainable Bankroll Strategy

The arithmetic of value extends beyond single sessions to portfolio management across operators. A player maintaining accounts at three to four sites—one regulated baseline, two non-regulated for bonus optimisation and cashback, one for specific game types—can shift capital toward the most favourable terms as promotions rotate. This requires discipline: tracking deposit dates, wagering requirements, and pending withdrawal amounts to avoid capital fragmentation and dormant-account leakage. What happens when something goes wrong is covered in crypto casino.

The non gamstop casinos UK list as a navigational tool serves this function, permitting comparison of current terms without visiting each site individually. However, terms change frequently—weekly for some promotions, monthly for structural terms like cashback percentages or wagering multiples. A strategy valid in January may require revision by March. The player who treats operator selection as a static decision, set once and forgotten, will see value erode through term changes and competitive drift.

Effective bankroll allocation follows the Kelly criterion loosely: stake proportions that maximise logarithmic wealth growth given edge and variance. In practice, this means never wagering more than 1% to 2% of total gambling bankroll on a single session, maintaining reserves for bonus clearance periods where capital is temporarily locked, and accepting that even positive-expectation structures produce losing streaks that require psychological and financial resilience.

The Role of Variance in Perceived Value

Expected value calculations describe long-run averages; individual sessions vary wildly. A player experiencing a £200 loss on £100 deposited may perceive poor value regardless of structural generosity, while a player hitting a jackpot sees the same site as exceptionally rewarding. This variance dominates short-term assessment and explains why player reviews cluster toward extremes: winners praise, losers condemn, with structural features poorly correlated to reported satisfaction. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in no KYC casino.

The casinos not on gamstop category attracts players partly because higher variance—through larger maximum bets, bonus buy features, and progressive jackpots—produces more dramatic outcomes. The cost is higher expected loss per unit wagered on high-variance games. A balanced portfolio mixing low-variance table games for bankroll preservation with selective high-variance slots for entertainment value represents the mathematically optimal approach, though few players implement this systematically.

Payment Method Optimisation

Beyond the cheapest route in and out, payment method selection affects verification burden and withdrawal speed. Crypto deposits typically require only blockchain confirmation, with no document upload for amounts under anti-money-laundering thresholds. E-wallet deposits link to pre-verified accounts, streamlining KYC. Card deposits trigger more intensive verification, including source-of-funds requests for larger amounts, delaying both play and eventual withdrawal.

The best non gamstop casinos have increasingly adopted automated verification through third-party identity services, reducing friction for compliant players. However, edge cases—name mismatches, address changes, expired documents—still produce multi-day delays. Maintaining current documentation and using consistent personal details across operators prevents the majority of these interruptions.

Timing and Promotional Cycles

Operator value fluctuates with promotional calendars. Weekend reload bonuses, monthly cashback recalculations, seasonal tournaments, and anniversary events alter effective returns temporarily. The informed player monitors these cycles and concentrates play during favourable windows. A site offering 5% base cashback may surge to 15% during a promotional week; shifting planned sessions to capture this multiplier produces genuine value without additional stake. The cost of play is broken down in crypto casino games.

Conversely, promotional periods often coincide with tightened withdrawal terms or reduced game RTPs on featured titles. Reading full terms rather than promotional banners is essential. The online gambling industry has developed sophisticated techniques for presenting favourable information prominently while burying restrictions in nested terms pages. A player relying on headline figures alone will systematically overestimate value.

Responsible Play as a Value Component

The final element in cost-of-play calculation is self-imposed limitation. Deposit limits, loss limits, session timers, and self-exclusion tools reduce theoretical loss by capping exposure. Non-regulated operators offer these tools voluntarily; their effectiveness depends on player activation rather than regulatory mandate. The player who sets a £50 daily deposit limit and adheres to it achieves lower lifetime cost than one with identical structural terms but no personal boundaries, regardless of short-term outcomes.

For players who have previously self-excluded through GamStop, the decision to play at non-regulated sites requires honest assessment of recovery status. The structural advantages—better bonuses, fewer restrictions, crypto access—are real but irrelevant if play triggers relapse. The value calculation must include psychological cost, which for vulnerable players dwarfs any mathematical edge. This is not moralising but arithmetic: a relapse event produces financial and personal costs that erase years of optimised play value.

Comparative Summary: Where to Place Your Money

For the pure value-seeker comfortable with cryptocurrency and regular play, Spinpin and Winplace offer the cleanest economics: low friction, consistent cashback, rapid withdrawals. The 10% weekly loss-back at Winplace, in particular, produces positive expectation for players who can maintain disciplined stop-losses, as the cashback itself reduces net loss below the theoretical RTP gap. All of the operators mentioned here are listed on the non gamstop casinos UK home page.

For the bonus optimiser willing to manage wagering requirements, Bravoplay and Fortunica's tiered welcome packages provide the highest upfront value, with declining wagering multiples that reward persistence. The three-deposit structure suits players with £300 to £500 initial bankroll who can commit to the full sequence.

For the risk-averse or verification-shy, Betninja's simplicity and speed minimise administrative overhead. The absence of complex tiering or mission structures means less tracking, less term-reading, and faster access to withdrawable funds. Long-term sustainability remains to be proven, but the opening offer is structurally sound.

For the regulated baseline, Bet365 and William Hill offer the highest game RTPs and guaranteed integrity, with Ladbrokes and Coral providing comparable alternatives with slightly different promotional timing. The cost is flexibility and, for some players, the psychological benefit of enforced limits that non-regulated sites cannot replicate.

Final Arithmetic: Your Personal Break-Even

To apply this analysis individually, estimate your monthly deposit, typical game mix, session frequency, and withdrawal pattern. A player depositing £200 monthly, playing 96% RTP slots exclusively, withdrawing weekly via crypto, and receiving 10% cashback on net losses faces an expected monthly cost of roughly £8 to £12 in friction and RTP gap—less than the price of two cinema tickets for perhaps ten hours of entertainment. The same player at a regulated site with no cashback, 97% RTP, and no fees faces £6 to £10 expected cost, a narrower gap than promotional materials suggest.

The player depositing £1,000 monthly, mixing live dealer and slots, seeking large bonuses, and comfortable with wagering requirement mathematics, can extract £50 to £150 in expected value monthly from optimised bonus play at non-regulated sites—though this requires disciplined game selection, bet sizing, and withdrawal timing that most players do not maintain.

The honest conclusion: non gamstop betting sites offer genuine structural advantages for informed players, but these advantages are narrower than promotional banners imply and require active management to realise. The default player, depositing casually, playing favourite games without RTP awareness, and withdrawing irregularly, faces roughly equivalent costs across regulated and non-regulated environments. Value is captured at the margin: by those who read terms, track terms, and adjust behaviour to exploit transient inefficiencies in operator pricing.

The 2026 landscape continues to evolve. Regulatory pressure on UKGC-licensed operators tightens terms and reduces promotional generosity, widening the structural gap with non-regulated alternatives. Simultaneously, maturation of the non-regulated market produces consolidation, standardisation, and gradual erosion of the very advantages that attracted early adopters. The optimal strategy is dynamic: maintaining awareness of current terms, maintaining accounts at multiple operators, and shifting capital as relative value changes. The table above provides the snapshot; the player provides the ongoing analysis that turns information into retained pounds.